Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients
From: Prognosis of hemodialysis patients with progressive aortic stenosis: a prospective cohort study
| Parameter | Patients with progressive AS | Patients without AS | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 35 | 248 | |
| Age (year) | 74 ± 11 | 67 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 20 (57) | 144 (58) | 1.00 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.0 ± 4.0 | 21.9 ± 4.6 | 0.27 |
| Length of time on dialysis (year) | 12 ± 9 | 9 ± 9 | 0.08 |
| Specific Activity Scale (METs) | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 0.03 |
| Exercise-related symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Syncope | 5 (14) | 16 (7) | 0.16 |
| Chest pain | 7 (20) | 54 (22) | 1.00 |
| Shortness of breath | 12 (34) | 65 (26) | 0.32 |
| Symptom, any of the above | 12 (34) | 98 (40) | 0.59 |
| Coexisting conditions, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 13 (37) | 107 (43) | 0.59 |
| Hypertension | 30 (86) | 192 (77) | 0.38 |
| Dyslipidemia | 14 (40) | 101 (41) | 1.00 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 9 (26) | 60 (24) | 0.84 |
| Heart failure | 11 (31) | 45 (18) | 0.07 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (8) | 26 (11) | 1.00 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 20 (57) | 75 (30) | 0.004 |
| History of PTA or limb amputation | 8 (23) | 34 (14) | 0.20 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9 (26) | 51 (21) | 0.51 |
| Past or present tobacco use | 15 (43) | 102 (41) | 0.86 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| ACE inhibitor | 1 (3) | 9(4) | 1.00 |
| ARB | 14 (40) | 93 (38) | 0.85 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 22 (63) | 132 (53) | 0.37 |
| Beta blocker | 10 (29) | 91 (37) | 0.45 |
| Statin | 14 (40) | 101 (41) | 1.00 |
| Vitamin D3 | 14 (40) | 127 (51) | 0.28 |
| Phosphate binder | 13 (37) | 88 (35) | 0.85 |
| Calcimimetics | 5 (14) | 29 (12) | 0.59 |
| Calcium carbonate | 26 (74) | 160 (65) | 0.34 |
| Blood test results | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.7 ± 1.3 | 10.8 ± 1.1 | 0.72 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 0.08 |
| Adjusted calcium (mg/dL) | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 0.12 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 0.27 |
| Calcium–phosphorus product (mg2/dL2) | 47.9 ± 12.7 | 47.2 ± 13.2 | 0.78 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 2.1 ± 5.4 | 0.6 ± 1.9 | 0.18 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 81 ± 24 | 81 ± 22 | 0.68 |