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Variables
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Survivors (N = 477)
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Non-survivors (N = 139)
|
p
|
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
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Age (year)
|
76 (65–83)
|
75 (65–84)
|
0.808
|
1.001 (0.988–1.014)
|
|
Male sex
|
285/477 (67.6)
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94/139 (59.7)
|
0.093
|
0.711 (0.477–1.060)
|
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Severity
|
|
APACHE II score (0–71)
|
19 (14–24)
|
26 (22–33)
|
< 0.001
|
1.112 (1.082–1.142)
|
|
SOFA score (0–24)
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7 (5–10)
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10 (7–13)
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< 0.001
|
1.215 (1.152–1.282)
|
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Comorbidity
|
|
Chronic kidney disease
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42/477 (8.8)
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19/139 (13.7)
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0.091
|
1.640 (0.920–2.924)
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Malignancy
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50/477 (10.5)
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21/139 (15.1)
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0.133
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1.520 (0.877–2.631)
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
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143/477 (30.0)
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33/139 (23.7)
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0.152
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0.727 (0.467–1.126)
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Hepatic disease
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17/477 (3.6)
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5/139 (3.6)
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0.985
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0.985 (0.366- 2.787)
|
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Others
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180/477 (37.7)
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49/139 (35.3)
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0.594
|
0.903 (0.612–1.333)
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Physiological variables (day 1)
|
|
Worst GCS score
|
14 (10–15)
|
11 (6–14)
|
< 0.001
|
0.863 (0.824–0.905)
|
|
Worst heart rate (beats/min)
|
111 (95–126)
|
119 (102–131)
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0.030
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1.006 (0.998–1.014)
|
|
Worst mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
|
66.7 (56.0–86.0)
|
59.3 (46.7–73.7)
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< 0.001
|
0.979 (0.969–0.989)
|
|
Lactate level (mg/dL)
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24.3 (17.1–37.8)
|
30.6 (18.8–62.3)
|
< 0.001
|
1.015 (1.009–1.021)
|
|
PaO2:FiO2
|
243.5 (148.4–333.3)
|
180.6 (94.6–312.5)
|
< 0.001
|
0.997 (0.996–0.999)
|
|
Worst creatinine level (mg/dL)
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1.2 (0.8–2.0)
|
1.6 (1.0–2.9)
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< 0.001
|
1.083 (0.983–1.194)
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|
Bilirubin level (mg/dL)
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0.9 (0.6–1.5)
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1.0 (0.6–1.5)
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0.379
|
1.055 (0.983–1.194)
|
|
Platelet count (cells × 104/mm3)
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16.4 (10.8–23.4)
|
14.2 (7.9–22.4)
|
0.020
|
0.981 (0.962–1.000)
|
|
AKI-related variables (day 1–3)
|
|
AKI
|
167/477 (35.0)
|
91/139 (65.5)
|
< 0.001
|
3.519 (2.366–5.235)
|
|
AKI stage
|
|
0
|
310/477 (65.0)
|
48/139 (34.5)
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< 0.001
|
1.000
|
|
1
|
48/477 (10.1)
|
15/139 (10.8)
| |
2.018 (1.049–3.884)
|
|
2
|
41/477 (8.6)
|
16/139 (11.5)
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2.520 (1.312–4.842)
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|
3
|
78/477 (16.4)
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60/139 (43.2)
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4.968 (3.157–7.819)
|
|
Primary site of infection
| | |
< 0.001
| |
|
Lung
|
147/477 (30.8)
|
70/139 (50.4)
| |
1.000
|
|
Urinary tract
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155/477 (32.5)
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29/139 (20.9)
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0.210 (0.100–0.441)
|
|
Abdomen
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90/477 (18.9)
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9/139 (6.5)
| |
0.393 (0.241–0.640)
|
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Others
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84/477 (17.8)
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31/139 (22.3)
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0.766 (0.464–1.263)
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Blood purification therapy
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|
Any BPT
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72/475 (15.2)
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38/139 (34.5)
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< 0.001
|
2.952 (1.920–4.540)
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Any CRRT
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63/475 (13.3)
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44/139 (31.7)
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< 0.001
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3.029 (1.941–4.727)
|
|
CRRT for renal indications
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42/474 (8.9)
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40/139 (28.8)
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< 0.001
|
4.156 (2.559–6.750)
|
|
CRRT for non-renal indications
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26/473 (5.5)
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7/139 (5.0)
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0.833
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0.912 (0.387–2.148)
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IRRT
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19/474 (4.0)
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9/137 (6.6)
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0.207
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1.684 (0.744–3.812)
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PMX-DHP
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24/473 (5.1)
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18/138 (13.0)
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0.005
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2.806 (1.475–5.340)
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Other therapies
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Mechanical ventilation within 24 h
|
190/474 (40.1)
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91/138 (65.9)
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< 0.001
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2.894 (1.946–4.305)
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Inotropes or vasopressors
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218/472 (46.2)
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94/138 (68.1)
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< 0.001
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2.489 (1.667–3.718)
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Antimicrobial therapy
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458/462 (99.1)
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132/134 (98.5)
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0.522
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0.576 (0.104–3.182)
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Drainage or operation
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178/474 (29.1)
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43/138 (31.2)
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0.169
|
1.329 (0.886–1.993)
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- Data are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges) for continuous variables and numbers (%) for categorical variables
- The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the continuous variables, and the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables
- Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using a univariable logistic regression model
- APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, AKI acute kidney injury, BPT blood purification therapy, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, IRRT intermittent renal replacement therapy, PMX-DHP polymyxin B immobilized fiber column-direct hemoperfusion
